An Elementary Pali Course
Lesson XXVI
Passive Voice
There are different endings for the Passive Voice. Sometimes the endings of the Active Voice are also used in the sense of the Passive.
In forming the Passive Voice "ya" is added between the root and the endings. If the roots end in "a" and "Œ", they are often changed into "“".
| Examples:- | ||||
| Rakkha | - ya | - te | = rakkh“yate | |
| DŒ | - ya | - te | = d“yate | |
| N“ | - ya | - te | = n“yate | |
| Su | - ya | - te | = sčyate | |
| Paca | - ya | - te | = pacayate | = paccate |
| Present Tense (VattamŒnŒ) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| 3. | te | paccate | ante | paccante |
| 2. | se | paccase | vhe | paccavhe |
| 1. | e | pacce | mhe | paccamhe |
| Aorist (Ajjatan“) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| 3. | Œ | apaccŒ, paccŒ | č | apaccč, paccč |
| 2. | se | apaccise, paccise | vhaµ | apaccivhaµ, paccivhaµ |
| 1. | a | apacca, pacca | mhe | apaccimhe, paccimhe |
| Perfect Tense (H“yattan“) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| 3. | ttha | apaccattha | tthuµ | apaccatthuµ |
| 2. | se | apaccase | vhaµ | apaccavhaµ |
| 1. | iµ | apacciµ | mhase | apaccamhase |
| Benedictive (Pa–cam“) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| 3. | taµ | paccataµ | antaµ | paccantaµ |
| 2. | ssu | paccassu | vho | paccavho |
| 1. | e | pacce | Œmase | paccŒmase |
| Subjunctive or Conditional (Sattam“) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| 3. | etha | paccetha | eraµ | pacceraµ |
| 2. | etho | paccetho | eyyavho | pacceyyavho |
| 1. | eyyaµ | pacceyyaµ | eyyŒmhe | pacceyyŒmhe |
| Future Tense (Bhavissanti) | ||||
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | |||
| 3. | ssate | paccissate | ssante | paccissante |
| 2. | ssase | paccissase | ssavhe | paccissasvhe |
| 1. | ssaµ | paccissaµ | ssŒmhe | paccissŒmhe |
| (ParokkhŒ and KŒlŒtipatti are not treated in this book.) | ||||
| Conjugation of hč: to be | ||
| Present Tense | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | hoti | honti |
| 2. | hosi | hotha |
| 1. | homi | homa |
| Aorist (Ajjatan“) | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | ahosi, ahč | ahesuµ |
| 2. | ahosi | ahosittha |
| 1. | ahosiµ, ahuµ | ahosimhŒ, ahumhŒ |
| Future Tense (Bhavissani) | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | hessati, hehi | hessanti |
| 2. | hessasi | hessatha |
| 1. | hessŒmi | hessŒma |
| Imperative (Pa–cam“) | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | hotu | hontu |
| 2. | hohi | hotha |
| 1. | homi | homa |
| Conditional (Sattam“) | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | heyya | heyyaµ |
| 2. | heyyŒsi | heyyŒtha |
| 1. | heyyŒmi | heyyŒma, heyyaµ |
| Future Tense (Bhavissanti) | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | hessati, hehiti | hessanti, hehinti |
| 2. | hessasi, hehisi | hessatha, hehitha |
| 1. | hessŒmi, hehŒmi | hessŒma, hehŒma |
| Perfect (H“yattani) | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | ahuvŒ | ahuvč, ahuvu |
| 2. | ahuvo | ahuvattha |
| 1. | ahuvaµ | ahuvamha |
| Conjugation of asa: to be | ||
| Present | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | atthi | santi |
| 2. | asi | attha |
| 1. | asmi, amhi | asma, amha |
| Aorist | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | Œsi | Œsiµsu, Œsuµ |
| 2. | Œsi | Œsittha |
| 1. | Œsiµ | Œsimha |
| Imperative | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | atthu | santu |
| 2. | Œhi | attha |
| 1. | asmi | asma |
| Conditional | ||
| SING. | PLU. | |
| 3. | siyŒ, assa | siyuµ, assu |
| 2. | assa | assatha |
| 1. | assaµ | assŒma |